What is a math problem

Math problems are puzzles that require computing power. In this case, tasks are divided into several types:

Decomposition of a single number into factors.

Search for input parameters with a known result, or a hash function.

Calculation of hash function values in a certain sequence if a DDoS attack is suspected.

Hashing is used to solve problems within the Proof-of-Work algorithm. But the development of the network leads to many difficulties, including an increase in the complexity of tasks.